1.Easy
Unlawful act manslaughter is a form of:
- AInvoluntary manslaughter
- BVoluntary manslaughter
- CDiminished responsibility
- DAttempted murder
2.Easy
In English law, theft is defined in section 1 of the Theft Act 1968 as:
- ADishonestly taking property belonging to another without consent, with intention to use it and later return it
- BDishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with intention to permanently deprive the other of it
- CBorrowing property from another person without asking first
- DUsing force to obtain property belonging to another person
3.Easy
The presumption of innocence means:
- AJudges cannot convict anyone
- BEveryone arrested is guilty
- CThe accused is treated as innocent until proven guilty
- DThe accused must prove their innocence beyond reasonable doubt
4.Medium
Causation in criminal law requires that the defendant's act was:
- AMorally wrong
- BA factual and legal cause of the result
- CIntended to cause the result in every case
- DThe only cause of the result
5.Medium
D, a diabetic, takes insulin, skips food, becomes hypoglycaemic and hits V without knowing what he is doing. D may rely on:
- AInsanity, because diabetes is a disease affecting the functioning of the mind
- BNon-insane automatism, because an external factor caused the episode
- CDiminished responsibility, because harm was caused
- DDuress of circumstances, because D was ill
6.Medium
D throws a paving stone off a bridge onto a train, killing the guard. D did not think anyone would be hurt. Following DPP v Newbury and Jones, D is guilty of:
- ANo offence, as D did not subjectively foresee any risk of harm to anyone at all
- BMurder, as the act was likely to kill
- CGross negligence manslaughter only
- DUnlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
7.Hard
In R v Hinks (2000), the House of Lords held that:
- AOnly shop thefts involve appropriation
- BA valid gift can never be theft because full ownership passes to the recipient at once
- CReceiving a valid gift can be an appropriation, so it can be theft if dishonest
- DCivil law always decides criminal liability for theft
8.Hard
In R v Cunningham (1957), D tore a gas meter off a wall to steal money; gas leaked and poisoned a neighbour. The court held "maliciously" means:
- AActing with wickedness or ill will towards the victim, as in ordinary usage
- BIntending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
- CFailing to notice a risk an ordinary person would see
- DActing in a way that is against the law
Answer key
- 1. A · Involuntary manslaughter
- 2. B · Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with intention to permanently deprive the other of it
- 3. C · The accused is treated as innocent until proven guilty
- 4. B · A factual and legal cause of the result
- 5. B · Non-insane automatism, because an external factor caused the episode
- 6. D · Unlawful act manslaughter, as the act was unlawful and objectively dangerous
- 7. C · Receiving a valid gift can be an appropriation, so it can be theft if dishonest
- 8. B · Intending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
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