1.Easy
Which of these is a "specific intent" offence in English law for the purposes of intoxication?
- AAssault occasioning actual bodily harm
- BManslaughter
- CMurder
- DBattery
2.Easy
A person who helps or encourages another to commit a crime, without carrying out the act themselves, is called:
- AAn accessory (secondary party)
- BAn innocent agent
- CA co-defendant witness
- DA principal offender
3.Easy
In English law, a common assault (in the narrow sense) is committed when the defendant:
- AActually applies unlawful force to the victim's body, however slight
- BDamages the victim's property
- CCauses the victim serious bodily harm
- DCauses the victim to apprehend immediate unlawful force
4.Medium
D supplies heroin to V, an adult, who freely and knowingly injects herself and dies. According to R v Kennedy (No 2), D is:
- AGuilty of unlawful act manslaughter, because supplying a class A drug is itself unlawful and dangerous
- BGuilty of manslaughter, because supply always causes the death
- CGuilty of manslaughter, because V's choice is irrelevant
- DNot guilty of manslaughter, because V's free and informed choice broke the chain of causation
5.Medium
D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:
- AIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds
- BMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities
- CIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts
- DIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
6.Medium
Duress as a defence is generally NOT available in English law to a charge of:
- AMurder
- BDrug possession
- CTheft
- DCriminal damage
7.Hard
In R v Hinks (2000), the House of Lords held that:
- AOnly shop thefts involve appropriation
- BReceiving a valid gift can be an appropriation, so it can be theft if dishonest
- CCivil law always decides criminal liability for theft
- DA valid gift can never be theft because full ownership passes to the recipient at once
8.Hard
In R v Gullefer (1990), D ran onto a greyhound track to get the race declared void and recover his bet. The Court of Appeal held:
- AHe was guilty of attempted theft, as running onto the track was more than preparatory
- BImpossibility gave him a complete defence
- CAttempt requires the last act before the crime
- DHis acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
Answer key
- 1. C · Murder
- 2. A · An accessory (secondary party)
- 3. D · Causes the victim to apprehend immediate unlawful force
- 4. D · Not guilty of manslaughter, because V's free and informed choice broke the chain of causation
- 5. D · Is judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
- 6. A · Murder
- 7. B · Receiving a valid gift can be an appropriation, so it can be theft if dishonest
- 8. D · His acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"
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