1.Easy
In English law, a common assault (in the narrow sense) is committed when the defendant:
- ACauses the victim serious bodily harm
- BCauses the victim to apprehend immediate unlawful force
- CDamages the victim's property
- DActually applies unlawful force to the victim's body, however slight
2.Easy
Which is the difference between theft and robbery in English law?
- ARobbery is theft accompanied by force or the threat of force
- BRobbery involves only cars
- CRobbery does not require taking property
- DTheft is always more serious than robbery
3.Easy
In criminal cases, the prosecution must usually prove guilt:
- AWith a confession
- BBeyond reasonable doubt
- CWith at least three witnesses
- DOn the balance of probabilities
4.Medium
D gets drunk voluntarily, mistakenly believes he is being attacked and stabs V. Under English law, D:
- AHas a complete defence of intoxication
- BCannot rely on a drunken mistaken belief in self-defence
- CCan always rely on any honest belief, however it arose, in self-defence
- DIs automatically guilty of murder
5.Medium
Causation in criminal law requires that the defendant's act was:
- AMorally wrong
- BIntended to cause the result in every case
- CThe only cause of the result
- DA factual and legal cause of the result
6.Medium
D throws a glass of beer over V intending only to wet her; the glass slips and cuts V. Following R v Savage, D's liability under section 47 OAPA requires:
- AOnly the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- BIntention to cause actual bodily harm
- CForesight that grievous bodily harm would be caused
- DForesight that at least some actual bodily harm would result from the assault
7.Hard
In R v Cunningham (1957), D tore a gas meter off a wall to steal money; gas leaked and poisoned a neighbour. The court held "maliciously" means:
- AActing with wickedness or ill will towards the victim, as in ordinary usage
- BActing in a way that is against the law
- CIntending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
- DFailing to notice a risk an ordinary person would see
8.Hard
In R v Walkington (1979), D went behind a shop counter and opened a till. This was burglary because:
- AEntering a part of a building as a trespasser is enough
- BThe till contained money at the time
- CD was carrying a weapon at the time
- DShops are treated as dwellings in law
Answer key
- 1. B · Causes the victim to apprehend immediate unlawful force
- 2. A · Robbery is theft accompanied by force or the threat of force
- 3. B · Beyond reasonable doubt
- 4. B · Cannot rely on a drunken mistaken belief in self-defence
- 5. D · A factual and legal cause of the result
- 6. A · Only the mens rea of assault or battery, with no foresight of harm needed
- 7. C · Intending the harm or foreseeing the risk of it and taking it anyway
- 8. A · Entering a part of a building as a trespasser is enough
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