1.Easy
Burglary in English law (section 9 Theft Act 1968) requires that the defendant entered a building or part of a building:
- AWhile armed
- BAt night time
- CAs a trespasser
- DBy breaking a lock
2.Easy
In criminal cases, the prosecution must usually prove guilt:
- ABeyond reasonable doubt
- BWith a confession
- CWith at least three witnesses
- DOn the balance of probabilities
3.Easy
In English law, a "wound" for section 20 OAPA 1861 requires:
- AA break in both layers of the skin
- BLoss of consciousness
- CAny visible bruise on the body
- DA broken bone
4.Medium
Oblique (indirect) intention in English law (R v Woollin) exists when:
- AThe result was merely possible
- BDeath or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- CDeath was a foreseeable consequence that a reasonable person would have appreciated
- DThe defendant did not foresee any harm
5.Medium
Duress as a defence is generally NOT available in English law to a charge of:
- AMurder
- BCriminal damage
- CDrug possession
- DTheft
6.Medium
D, carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note, walks towards a post office to rob it but is arrested outside before entering. Under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, D is most likely guilty of:
- ABurglary, because D intended to enter the building
- BNothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
- CAttempted robbery, because D was carrying an imitation gun and a threatening note
- DRobbery, because the intention was proved
7.Hard
Conspiracy in English law requires:
- AA written plan
- BThe crime to be actually committed
- CAt least one of the conspirators to have carried out an overt act towards committing the agreed crime
- DAn agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
8.Hard
In Airedale NHS Trust v Bland (1993), the House of Lords held that withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from a patient in a persistent vegetative state:
- AWas an omission that was lawful because continued treatment was no longer in the patient's best interests
- BWas lawful because the patient had made an advance decision
- CWas a positive act of killing, amounting to murder
- DWas lawful only because the patient's family had given consent, which is required for any such withdrawal
Answer key
- 1. C · As a trespasser
- 2. A · Beyond reasonable doubt
- 3. A · A break in both layers of the skin
- 4. B · Death or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
- 5. A · Murder
- 6. B · Nothing as attempted robbery yet, because D has not gone beyond preparation
- 7. D · An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, with intent that it be carried out
- 8. A · Was an omission that was lawful because continued treatment was no longer in the patient's best interests
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