1.Easy
Wariness or fear when an unfamiliar person approaches, typically appearing in the second half of the first year, is called:
- AImprinting
- BSeparation anxiety
- CSocial referencing
- DStranger anxiety
2.Easy
A teratogen is:
- AA reflex that is present in newborn babies only
- BA gene that controls the timing of puberty in teens
- CAn outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- DA hormone released by the placenta to start labour
3.Easy
Comparing identical and fraternal twins is mainly used to study:
- AThe relative influence of genes and environment
- BWhether Piaget's stages occur in a fixed order
- CHow memory develops during the first year of life
- DWhy some children start babbling earlier
4.Medium
Scaffolding refers to:
- ASupport given to a learner that is reduced as competence grows
- BBuilding one fixed curriculum that every child must follow in order
- CLetting children discover everything alone
- DPunishing errors so they are not repeated
5.Medium
Which concept refers to a period when a child is especially sensitive to certain experiences?
- ACritical (sensitive) period
- BObject permanence
- CHabituation
- DAccommodation
6.Medium
Asked about the Heinz dilemma, a teenager says "Heinz should steal the drug because a good husband would do that for his wife". This reasoning is at Kohlberg's:
- ASensorimotor level
- BPost-conventional level
- CConventional level
- DPre-conventional level
7.Hard
A critic argues that Piaget underestimated young children. Which finding supports this?
- AChildren conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- BChildren never pass false-belief tasks before age 7
- CInfants show no memory of hidden objects at all
- DAdults rarely reason abstractly
8.Hard
On a visual cliff set to a moderate drop, most infants crossed when their mother smiled but few crossed when she showed fear. This shows:
- AThat infants cannot perceive depth
- BImprinting on the mother's face
- CSocial referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
- DThat infants ignore their caregivers' facial expressions in new situations
Answer key
- 1. D · Stranger anxiety
- 2. C · An outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- 3. A · The relative influence of genes and environment
- 4. A · Support given to a learner that is reduced as competence grows
- 5. A · Critical (sensitive) period
- 6. C · Conventional level
- 7. A · Children conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- 8. C · Social referencing: using a caregiver's emotion to guide behaviour
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.