1.Easy
Noam Chomsky proposed that children have an innate "language acquisition device". This view emphasises:
- ALanguage as a product of formal schooling
- BLearning language only through reinforcement
- CImitation as the only source of grammar
- DBiological readiness to learn language
2.Easy
A child says "I goed to the park" and "two mouses". This error is called:
- ATelegraphic speech
- BOverregularisation
- CBabbling
- DUnderextension
3.Easy
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by:
- AA single inherited gene
- BAlcohol exposure before birth
- CToo little sleep during infancy
- DDrinking alcohol in early childhood
4.Medium
A 3-year-old hears a new word once, "This is the chromium tray", and later picks out the correct tray. This is called:
- ABabbling
- BFast mapping
- COverextension
- DTelegraphic speech
5.Medium
Children get better at ignoring distractions and switching between tasks through childhood and adolescence. This improvement in executive function is linked mainly to maturation of the:
- ABrainstem
- BPrefrontal cortex
- COccipital lobe
- DCerebellum
6.Medium
Which feature is typical of infant-directed speech ("parentese")?
- ALong sentences with complex grammar
- BFast speech with very few pauses
- CHigher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- DA flat, quiet and monotonous tone
7.Hard
Which finding challenges the idea that attachment forms only with the mother?
- AHarlow's monkeys preferred wire mothers
- BInfants only attach to the person who feeds them
- CSchaffer and Emerson found many infants form multiple attachments, including to fathers
- DBowlby found no effect of separation
8.Hard
In Hughes' "policeman doll" study, most children aged 3½–5 could hide a boy doll where two policemen could not see him. How does this relate to Piaget's three mountains task?
- AIt shows that conservation develops before age 3
- BIt confirms that young children are fully egocentric
- CIt suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
- DIt shows that children cannot take any other person's viewpoint before about age 7
Answer key
- 1. D · Biological readiness to learn language
- 2. B · Overregularisation
- 3. B · Alcohol exposure before birth
- 4. B · Fast mapping
- 5. B · Prefrontal cortex
- 6. C · Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- 7. C · Schaffer and Emerson found many infants form multiple attachments, including to fathers
- 8. C · It suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
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