1.Easy
Noam Chomsky proposed that children have an innate "language acquisition device". This view emphasises:
- ALearning language only through reinforcement
- BImitation as the only source of grammar
- CBiological readiness to learn language
- DLanguage as a product of formal schooling
2.Easy
Conservation is the understanding that:
- AQuantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- BObjects exist when out of sight
- COther people have beliefs
- DRules of a game can be changed if all the players agree
3.Easy
A preoperational child says the sun is following her because it wants to play. This is an example of:
- AConservation
- BAnimism
- CSeriation
- DReversibility
4.Medium
A student is actively trying out different majors and values but has not committed to any yet. In Marcia's model, this is:
- AMoratorium
- BForeclosure
- CIdentity achievement
- DIdentity diffusion
5.Medium
A 9-year-old can arrange sticks from shortest to longest quickly and without errors. This ability is called:
- AConservation
- BAccommodation
- CSeriation
- DAnimism
6.Medium
A girl pays close attention to information about "girls' toys" and quickly forgets details about "boys' toys". Which theory best explains this?
- AAttachment theory
- BGender schema theory
- CPsychoanalytic theory
- DEcological systems theory
7.Hard
Japanese infants in early Strange Situation studies showed high rates of resistant attachment and very little avoidance. One common explanation is that:
- AThey were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
- BJapanese infants are genetically more anxious than infants elsewhere
- CJapanese fathers did most of the caregiving in these families
- DJapanese mothers in these samples were usually insensitive towards their infants
8.Hard
A critic argues that Piaget underestimated young children. Which finding supports this?
- AInfants show no memory of hidden objects at all
- BChildren conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- CChildren never pass false-belief tasks before age 7
- DAdults rarely reason abstractly
Answer key
- 1. C · Biological readiness to learn language
- 2. A · Quantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- 3. B · Animism
- 4. A · Moratorium
- 5. C · Seriation
- 6. B · Gender schema theory
- 7. A · They were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
- 8. B · Children conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
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