1.Easy
Gibson and Walk's "visual cliff" was designed to study infants':
- AAttachment style
- BDepth perception
- CLanguage comprehension
- DColour vision
2.Easy
A preoperational child says the sun is following her because it wants to play. This is an example of:
- AAnimism
- BSeriation
- CConservation
- DReversibility
3.Easy
Differences between age groups that are caused by growing up in different historical times are called:
- ACeiling effects
- BPractice effects
- CCohort effects
- DOrder effects
4.Medium
Habituation in infant research is used to show that babies:
- ABecome drowsy and sleep more when the same stimulus is presented over and over again
- BPrefer their own reflection
- CAre born with full adult vision
- DCan tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
5.Medium
Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated:
- AChildren learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- BChildren only imitate other children
- CAggression is purely genetic
- DPunishment of a model always reduces children's aggression
6.Medium
Which feature is typical of infant-directed speech ("parentese")?
- ALong sentences with complex grammar
- BFast speech with very few pauses
- CA flat, quiet and monotonous tone
- DHigher pitch and exaggerated intonation
7.Hard
Turiel found that young children say hitting is wrong even if a teacher allows it, but wearing pyjamas to school is fine if the teacher allows it. This suggests children:
- ADistinguish moral rules from social conventions early
- BHave no understanding of rules before age 7
- CJudge all rules only by adult authority
- DThink that clothing rules are more serious than hitting
8.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- ASmiling and babbling much more than before the change
- BIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
- CTurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
- DTrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
Answer key
- 1. B · Depth perception
- 2. A · Animism
- 3. C · Cohort effects
- 4. D · Can tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- 5. A · Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
- 6. D · Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- 7. A · Distinguish moral rules from social conventions early
- 8. D · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.