1.Easy
Comparing identical and fraternal twins is mainly used to study:
- AWhy some children start babbling earlier
- BThe relative influence of genes and environment
- CWhether Piaget's stages occur in a fixed order
- DHow memory develops during the first year of life
2.Easy
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a child's family, school and friends belong to the:
- AMesosystem
- BMacrosystem
- CMicrosystem
- DExosystem
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of infancy is:
- AIndustry versus inferiority
- BTrust versus mistrust
- CAutonomy versus shame and doubt
- DInitiative versus guilt
4.Medium
A girl pays close attention to information about "girls' toys" and quickly forgets details about "boys' toys". Which theory best explains this?
- AAttachment theory
- BPsychoanalytic theory
- CGender schema theory
- DEcological systems theory
5.Medium
Which feature is typical of infant-directed speech ("parentese")?
- ALong sentences with complex grammar
- BA flat, quiet and monotonous tone
- CHigher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- DFast speech with very few pauses
6.Medium
A student is actively trying out different majors and values but has not committed to any yet. In Marcia's model, this is:
- AForeclosure
- BMoratorium
- CIdentity diffusion
- DIdentity achievement
7.Hard
Wynn showed 5-month-olds one doll, then a second doll being added behind a screen. When the screen dropped to reveal only one doll, infants looked longer. This suggests infants:
- AHave basic expectations about small numbers
- BCannot see objects behind screens
- CPrefer one doll to two dolls
- DHave already learned to count aloud
8.Hard
The pianist Arthur Rubinstein, in old age, played fewer pieces, practised them more and slowed down before fast passages to make them seem faster. This illustrates:
- AFluid intelligence improving with age
- BSocioemotional selectivity only
- CSelective optimisation with compensation
- DIdentity foreclosure
Answer key
- 1. B · The relative influence of genes and environment
- 2. C · Microsystem
- 3. B · Trust versus mistrust
- 4. C · Gender schema theory
- 5. C · Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
- 6. B · Moratorium
- 7. A · Have basic expectations about small numbers
- 8. C · Selective optimisation with compensation
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