1.Easy
Who introduced the "zone of proximal development"?
- ALawrence Kohlberg
- BLev Vygotsky
- CJean Piaget
- DJohn Bowlby
2.Easy
A teratogen is:
- AA reflex that is present in newborn babies only
- BA hormone released by the placenta to start labour
- CAn outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- DA gene that controls the timing of puberty in teens
3.Easy
Conservation is the understanding that:
- ARules of a game can be changed if all the players agree
- BOther people have beliefs
- CQuantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- DObjects exist when out of sight
4.Medium
An infant in the Strange Situation approaches the parent with the head turned away, then freezes. Contradictory behaviour like this indicates which attachment type?
- AInsecure-resistant
- BSecure
- CInsecure-avoidant
- DDisorganised
5.Medium
A girl pays close attention to information about "girls' toys" and quickly forgets details about "boys' toys". Which theory best explains this?
- APsychoanalytic theory
- BGender schema theory
- CAttachment theory
- DEcological systems theory
6.Medium
In Vygotsky's theory, an older sibling who helps a child learn to tie shoelaces is acting as:
- AA more knowledgeable other
- BA primary attachment figure
- CA formal operational thinker
- DAn imaginary audience
7.Hard
Ainsworth's sensitivity hypothesis proposes that secure attachment results mainly from:
- AThe infant's genetic temperament only
- BStrict feeding schedules
- CThe amount of time the infant spends with any adult
- DThe caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
8.Hard
Wynn showed 5-month-olds one doll, then a second doll being added behind a screen. When the screen dropped to reveal only one doll, infants looked longer. This suggests infants:
- ACannot see objects behind screens
- BHave basic expectations about small numbers
- CPrefer one doll to two dolls
- DHave already learned to count aloud
Answer key
- 1. B · Lev Vygotsky
- 2. C · An outside agent that can harm prenatal development
- 3. C · Quantity stays the same when its appearance changes
- 4. D · Disorganised
- 5. B · Gender schema theory
- 6. A · A more knowledgeable other
- 7. D · The caregiver responding promptly and appropriately to the infant's signals
- 8. B · Have basic expectations about small numbers
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