1.Easy
Which treaty created the European Union and introduced EU citizenship?
- AThe Single European Act
- BThe Treaty of Amsterdam
- CThe Maastricht Treaty
- DThe Treaty of Rome
2.Easy
Which TFEU article guarantees the freedom of establishment?
- AArticle 110
- BArticle 45
- CArticle 63
- DArticle 49
3.Easy
What is the main task of the European Court of Auditors?
- AExamining the EU's accounts and checking that its revenue and spending are lawful and sound
- BSetting interest rates for the euro area
- CHearing appeals against national court judgments
- DDrafting the EU's annual budget proposal and presenting it to the European Parliament for approval
4.Medium
In Lawrie-Blum (1986), the Court defined a "worker" under Article 45 TFEU as a person who:
- APerforms services for and under the direction of another in return for remuneration
- BEarns at least the national minimum wage for a year
- CHolds a permanent full-time contract of employment registered with the authorities of the host member state
- DIs registered with a national trade union
5.Medium
The "public service" exception in Article 45(4) TFEU covers:
- AAny job paid for by public funds
- BPosts involving the exercise of public power and safeguarding the general interests of the state
- CAll jobs in the public sector, including those of nurses, teachers and railway workers employed by the state
- DJobs in companies that have government contracts
6.Medium
Francovich (1991) established that:
- AMember states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- BDirectives have horizontal direct effect
- CIndividuals can enforce unimplemented directives directly against private employers
- DThe Commission can annul national laws
7.Hard
In R v Henn and Darby (1979), a UK ban on importing pornographic material was held to be:
- AOutside Article 34 because it concerned only books
- BUnjustified because the UK allowed some domestic pornography
- CA customs duty contrary to Article 30
- DJustified on grounds of public morality under Article 36
8.Hard
In Solange II (1986), the German Federal Constitutional Court held that it would not review Community law against German fundamental rights:
- AUnder any circumstances, as Community law is always supreme
- BAs long as the Community ensured effective protection of fundamental rights substantially similar to the German standard
- CUnless the European Parliament had approved the measure
- DUntil Germany adopted the euro
Answer key
- 1. C · The Maastricht Treaty
- 2. D · Article 49
- 3. A · Examining the EU's accounts and checking that its revenue and spending are lawful and sound
- 4. A · Performs services for and under the direction of another in return for remuneration
- 5. B · Posts involving the exercise of public power and safeguarding the general interests of the state
- 6. A · Member states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- 7. D · Justified on grounds of public morality under Article 36
- 8. B · As long as the Community ensured effective protection of fundamental rights substantially similar to the German standard
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