Human physiology worksheet with answers

Which hormone, released by the pineal gland in darkness, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle?

1. AAdrenaline
2. BMelatonin
3. CCortisol
4. DOxytocin

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle?

1. ASerotonin
2. BDopamine
3. CNoradrenaline
4. DAcetylcholine

Which hormone, made mainly by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production?

1. AThrombopoietin
2. BRenin
3. CAldosterone
4. DErythropoietin

Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:

1. APlasma oncotic pressure falls
2. BLymphatic drainage increases
3. CCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
4. DThe capillaries become impermeable

Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?

1. AA fall in oestrogen
2. BA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
3. CA surge of prolactin
4. DA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?

1. AIsovolumetric contraction
2. BRapid filling
3. CAtrial systole
4. DRapid ejection

Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?

1. ATachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
2. BBradycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
3. CTachycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
4. DBradycardia, cool pale skin and high urine output

After a head injury, a patient passes large volumes of very dilute urine and plasma sodium rises. What is the most likely cause?

1. ALack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
2. BUncontrolled diabetes mellitus
3. CExcess aldosterone
4. DExcess ADH release (SIADH)