Human physiology worksheet with answers

Most homeostatic control systems in the body work by:

1. ANegative feedback
2. BFeed-forward only
3. CPositive feedback
4. DRandom variation

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?

1. AAbout +70 mV
2. BAbout −70 mV
3. CAbout −10 mV
4. DAbout 0 mV

Which structure of the inner ear converts sound vibrations into nerve signals?

1. ACochlea
2. BAuditory tube
3. CSemicircular canals
4. DTympanic membrane

What is the main effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the heart?

1. AIt slows the heart rate
2. BIt increases the heart rate
3. CIt constricts the coronary arteries
4. DIt increases ventricular contractility strongly

Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

1. AThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
2. BThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
3. CThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
4. DInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?

1. AIsovolumetric contraction
2. BRapid ejection
3. CAtrial systole
4. DRapid filling

Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?

1. AAquaporin-2 water channels
2. BThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
3. CThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
4. DThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)

After a head injury, a patient passes large volumes of very dilute urine and plasma sodium rises. What is the most likely cause?

1. ALack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
2. BExcess aldosterone
3. CExcess ADH release (SIADH)
4. DUncontrolled diabetes mellitus