Human physiology worksheet with answers

Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls many other endocrine glands?

1. APineal gland
2. BPituitary gland
3. CThyroid gland
4. DAdrenal gland

Which enzyme begins protein digestion in the stomach?

1. ALipase
2. BAmylase
3. CPepsin
4. DLactase

Which cells secrete antibodies?

1. AMacrophages
2. BNeutrophils
3. CPlasma cells
4. DHelper T cells

Which receptors respond mainly to a fall in arterial oxygen levels?

1. ABaroreceptors in the carotid sinus
2. BStretch receptors in the lungs
3. CCentral chemoreceptors in the medulla
4. DPeripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt stimulates glucose uptake by muscle
2. BIt slows glucose absorption from the gut
3. CIt blocks insulin receptors on fat cells
4. DIt stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

1. AG cells
2. BGoblet cells
3. CChief cells
4. DParietal cells

Why does breathing 100% oxygen correct hypoxaemia from a true right-to-left shunt only poorly?

1. APure oxygen damages haemoglobin
2. BShunted blood is already fully saturated
3. CThe extra oxygen is all exhaled as CO₂
4. DThe shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas

Why does a person with a high spinal cord injury above T1 risk low blood pressure?

1. AThe vagus nerve is cut, so the heart rate rises
2. BRenin release from the kidney stops completely
3. CThe sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
4. DThe phrenic nerve can no longer control the tone of the arteries