1.Easy
Which mineral is an essential part of haemoglobin?
- AIron
- BZinc
- CIodine
- DCalcium
2.Easy
What is the normal resting heart rate range for a healthy adult?
- A100 to 140 beats per minute
- B20 to 40 beats per minute
- C60 to 100 beats per minute
- D40 to 60 beats per minute
3.Easy
Which hormone, released by the pineal gland in darkness, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle?
- AOxytocin
- BCortisol
- CAdrenaline
- DMelatonin
4.Medium
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
- AAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- BAtrial natriuretic peptide
- CParathyroid hormone
- DAldosterone
5.Medium
In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?
- AThe extracellular fluid
- BThe mitochondria
- CThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
- DThe nucleus
6.Medium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- APurkinje fibres
- BSinoatrial node
- CAtrioventricular node
- DBundle of His
7.Hard
Which change shifts the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
- ALower 2,3-BPG
- BLower CO₂
- CHigher pH
- DHigher temperature
8.Hard
Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?
- AA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
- BA normal result in an older adult
- CAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
- DAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis
Answer key
- 1. A · Iron
- 2. C · 60 to 100 beats per minute
- 3. D · Melatonin
- 4. A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- 5. C · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
- 6. B · Sinoatrial node
- 7. D · Higher temperature
- 8. A · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.