Human physiology worksheet with answers

What does bile do to fats in the small intestine?

1. AAbsorbs them directly into the blood
2. BConverts them into glucose
3. CEmulsifies them into small droplets
4. DBreaks them into amino acids

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle?

1. ANoradrenaline
2. BDopamine
3. CAcetylcholine
4. DSerotonin

Which enzyme in saliva starts the digestion of starch?

1. APepsin
2. BTrypsin
3. CLipase
4. DSalivary amylase

How is the ejection fraction calculated?

1. AEnd-diastolic volume ÷ end-systolic volume
2. BStroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
3. CCardiac output ÷ heart rate
4. DEnd-systolic volume ÷ stroke volume

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?

1. AGlucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule
2. BSodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
3. CIncreased filtration in the glomerulus
4. DWater reabsorption by inserting aquaporins only

What is anatomical dead space?

1. AAlveoli that have collapsed completely
2. BThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
3. CThe space between the two pleural layers
4. DThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)

Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?

1. AThe epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)
2. BThe Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
3. CThe sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2)
4. DAquaporin-2 water channels

After several days of persistent vomiting of stomach contents, which acid–base disturbance is most likely?

1. ARespiratory acidosis
2. BMetabolic alkalosis
3. CRespiratory alkalosis
4. DMetabolic acidosis