Human physiology worksheet with answers

What is tidal volume?

1. AThe volume of air moved in or out in one normal breath
2. BThe maximum volume of air that can be breathed out after a full breath in
3. CThe air left in the lungs after a full exhalation
4. DThe total volume of air in the lungs

Which hormones are the main regulators of the body's basal metabolic rate?

1. AOestrogen and progesterone (ovarian steroids)
2. BMelatonin and serotonin
3. CThyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
4. DInsulin and glucagon

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

1. ANephron
2. BRenal pyramid
3. CGlomerulus
4. DCollecting duct

Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?

1. ACollagen
2. BAlbumin
3. CThrombin
4. DFibrin

Since action potentials are all-or-none, how does a neuron signal a stronger stimulus?

1. ABy changing the neurotransmitter it releases
2. BBy making each action potential larger
3. CBy firing action potentials more often
4. DBy making each action potential longer

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?

1. ARapid ejection
2. BIsovolumetric contraction
3. CAtrial systole
4. DRapid filling

In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:

1. AIntrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
2. BAcid is lost, so iron is never absorbed in any form
3. CPepsin is lost, so haemoglobin cannot be made
4. DGastrin is lost, so the bone marrow is no longer stimulated

Why can a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning have a normal PaO₂ but severe tissue hypoxia?

1. ACO lowers the barometric pressure in the alveoli
2. BCO stops oxygen from dissolving in plasma
3. CCO blocks diffusion across the alveolar wall
4. DCO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls