Human physiology worksheet with answers

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle?

1. ADopamine
2. BSerotonin
3. CNoradrenaline
4. DAcetylcholine

Which hormone, released by the pineal gland in darkness, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle?

1. AAdrenaline
2. BOxytocin
3. CMelatonin
4. DCortisol

Which ion triggers contraction by binding to troponin in skeletal muscle?

1. APotassium
2. BSodium
3. CCalcium
4. DChloride

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?

1. ARapid filling
2. BAtrial systole
3. CRapid ejection
4. DIsovolumetric contraction

The Frank–Starling mechanism describes that:

1. AContractility falls when temperature rises
2. BStroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
3. CHeart rate rises when arterial blood pressure falls suddenly
4. DThe atria contract after the ventricles

Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:

1. ACapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
2. BThe capillaries become impermeable
3. CLymphatic drainage increases
4. DPlasma oncotic pressure falls

Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?

1. ATachycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
2. BBradycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
3. CBradycardia, cool pale skin and high urine output
4. DTachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output

A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to a well-ventilated region of lung. How does the ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratio of that region change?

1. AIt becomes very high, acting as dead space
2. BIt becomes zero, acting as a shunt
3. CIt becomes low, like in pneumonia
4. DIt stays normal because ventilation falls too