Human physiology worksheet with answers

Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls many other endocrine glands?

1. APineal gland
2. BThyroid gland
3. CAdrenal gland
4. DPituitary gland

What does bile do to fats in the small intestine?

1. AAbsorbs them directly into the blood
2. BBreaks them into amino acids
3. CEmulsifies them into small droplets
4. DConverts them into glucose

Which organ makes most plasma proteins, such as albumin?

1. AKidney
2. BLiver
3. CBone marrow
4. DSpleen

Which ion enters the cell to cause the depolarisation phase of a typical neuronal action potential?

1. APotassium (K⁺)
2. BSodium (Na⁺)
3. CChloride (Cl⁻)
4. DCalcium (Ca²⁺)

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

1. AG cells
2. BChief cells
3. CParietal cells
4. DGoblet cells

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
2. BIt slows glucose absorption from the gut
3. CIt stimulates glucose uptake by muscle
4. DIt blocks insulin receptors on fat cells

A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) and normal bicarbonate. What is the most likely disturbance?

1. ARespiratory alkalosis
2. BAcute respiratory acidosis
3. CCompensated metabolic alkalosis
4. DMetabolic acidosis

Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?

1. AA fall in haematocrit
2. BIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
3. CLower ventilation to save oxygen
4. DHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells