Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe kidneys are leaking protein
2. BThe body is burning fat for energy
3. CThe liver is making too much glucose
4. DThe bladder has a bacterial infection

What does the term "thrombocytosis" mean?

1. AA high platelet count
2. BA low red cell count
3. CA high white cell count
4. DA low platelet count

On a liver panel, "direct bilirubin" refers to which form of bilirubin?

1. AConjugated bilirubin
2. BUnconjugated bilirubin
3. CBilirubin in the stool
4. DTotal urine urobilinogen

A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?

1. AThe patient has developed a new infection
2. BThe inflammation is settling with treatment
3. CThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
4. DThe infection has spread to another organ

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
2. BFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
3. CFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
4. DFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. ALower, about 1.0–1.5
2. BMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0
3. CHigher, about 2.5–3.5
4. DThe same, 2.0–3.0

Ten minutes into a red cell transfusion, a patient develops fever, chills, low back pain and dark urine. After stopping the transfusion, what should the nurse do next?

1. ARestart the transfusion more slowly after giving an antipyretic drug
2. BFlush the remaining blood through the line with the IV fluid to finish it
3. CKeep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
4. DDiscard the blood bag and tubing in the clinical waste to stop exposure

A patient's AST is about twice the ALT, both moderately raised, and the GGT is high. Which cause is most likely?

1. AAcute myocardial infarction
2. BAlcohol-related liver disease
3. CAcute viral hepatitis A
4. DGallstone blocking the bile duct