1.Easy
Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by:
- AContaminated water
- BCoughing and sneezing
- CTick bites
- DMosquito bites
2.Easy
What is a pandemic?
- AAn epidemic that spreads across several countries or continents
- BAn outbreak limited to one hospital ward
- CA disease that is always present at a low, stable level in a region
- DA single case of a rare disease
3.Easy
What colour do Gram-positive bacteria stain in a Gram stain?
- AGreen
- BPurple
- CPink
- DColourless
4.Medium
Why does high vaccination coverage also protect babies too young to be vaccinated?
- ABabies are naturally immune to all vaccine-preventable diseases
- BVaccines kill the pathogen in the environment
- CVaccinated people pass antibodies to everyone they meet
- DFewer people can pass on the infection, so it spreads less
5.Medium
What is the main virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the target of its vaccines?
- AIts polysaccharide capsule
- BIts cholera-like toxin
- CIts flagella
- DIts endospores
6.Medium
Which bacterium is the most common cause of stomach ulcers?
- AHelicobacter pylori
- BClostridioides difficile
- CStaphylococcus aureus
- DEscherichia coli
7.Hard
Prions differ from all other infectious agents because they:
- AContain only RNA, with no protein coat surrounding the genome
- BCan only infect bacteria
- CContain no nucleic acid and consist of misfolded protein
- DAre killed by normal cooking and disinfection
8.Hard
A positive blood culture shows Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which organism is most likely?
- ANeisseria
- BStreptococcus
- CStaphylococcus
- DEnterococcus in short chains
Answer key
- 1. C · Tick bites
- 2. A · An epidemic that spreads across several countries or continents
- 3. B · Purple
- 4. D · Fewer people can pass on the infection, so it spreads less
- 5. A · Its polysaccharide capsule
- 6. A · Helicobacter pylori
- 7. C · Contain no nucleic acid and consist of misfolded protein
- 8. C · Staphylococcus
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