1.Easy
Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:
- ASpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol
- BBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
- CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
- DCauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
2.Easy
What is a prodrug?
- AA drug that is inactive until the body converts it into its active form
- BA drug that has passed all clinical trials
- CA drug that prevents or reverses the effect of another drug in the body
- DA drug that is given before surgery
3.Easy
Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?
- AActive immunity
- BInnate immunity
- CPassive immunity
- DHerd immunity
4.Medium
Aciclovir is mainly used to treat infections caused by:
- AHIV
- BBacteria that produce beta-lactamase
- CInfluenza A virus
- DHerpes viruses such as herpes simplex and varicella-zoster
5.Medium
During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?
- AAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
- BAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
- CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
- DA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
6.Medium
A patient takes low-dose weekly methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which monitoring is needed?
- AMonthly hearing tests
- BWeekly INR checks and a monthly ECG to check the heart rhythm
- CDaily blood glucose checks
- DRegular blood count, liver and kidney function tests
7.Hard
Probenecid has been used to raise plasma penicillin levels. How does it do this?
- AIt blocks the tubular secretion of penicillin in the kidney
- BIt displaces penicillin from plasma proteins
- CIt inhibits the liver metabolism of penicillin
- DIt increases the absorption of penicillin from the small intestine
8.Hard
Gentamicin is combined with high-dose intravenous furosemide. Which risk is especially increased?
- ADamage to hearing
- BLiver failure
- CBleeding
- DHypoglycaemia
Answer key
- 1. B · Blocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
- 2. A · A drug that is inactive until the body converts it into its active form
- 3. C · Passive immunity
- 4. D · Herpes viruses such as herpes simplex and varicella-zoster
- 5. B · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
- 6. D · Regular blood count, liver and kidney function tests
- 7. A · It blocks the tubular secretion of penicillin in the kidney
- 8. A · Damage to hearing
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