Research methods in psychology worksheet with answers

A researcher places an advert asking for people to take part in a study. Which sampling method is this?

1. AOpportunity sampling
2. BSystematic sampling
3. CVolunteer (self-selected) sampling
4. DStratified sampling

A study that follows the same participants over a long period of time is called:

1. AA case study
2. BA pilot study
3. CA longitudinal study
4. DA cross-sectional study

In an experiment, the variable the researcher deliberately changes is the:

1. AIndependent variable
2. BDependent variable
3. CExtraneous variable
4. DConfounding variable

A p-value of 0.03 means:

1. AGiven the observed data, there is only a 3% probability that the null hypothesis is true
2. BThe effect is large
3. CThe result will replicate 97% of the time
4. DIf the null hypothesis were true, data this extreme would occur about 3% of the time

In a field experiment, the researcher:

1. AAnalyses data collected by others
2. BOnly observes without manipulating anything
3. CManipulates the IV in a laboratory
4. DManipulates the IV in a real-world setting

Which test compares two independent groups when the data are ordinal or clearly not normal?

1. AMann–Whitney U test
2. BWilcoxon signed-rank test
3. CIndependent samples t-test
4. DChi-square test

A researcher wants to show that a new anxiety scale measures something different from depression. Low correlations with a depression scale would support:

1. AConvergent validity
2. BDiscriminant validity
3. CPredictive validity
4. DFace validity

A researcher conducts five t-tests and wants to keep the overall Type I error rate at 0.05 using the Bonferroni correction. What significance level should each test use?

1. A0.025
2. B0.25
3. C0.05
4. D0.01