1.Easy
Overestimating how much other people notice our appearance or behaviour is called the:
- ASpotlight effect
- BHalo effect
- CFalse consensus effect
- DActor–observer bias
2.Easy
The frustration–aggression hypothesis states that:
- AAggression is learned only by watching other people
- BBeing blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- CActing aggressively always removes the frustration
- DFrustration leads to withdrawal rather than aggression
3.Easy
Who proposed social comparison theory, which says people evaluate themselves by comparing with others?
- ALeon Festinger
- BHenri Tajfel
- CSolomon Asch
- DStanley Milgram
4.Medium
The foot-in-the-door technique works by:
- AUsing fear to persuade
- BOffering a discount after the request
- CMaking a large request first, which is refused, then a smaller one
- DGetting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
5.Medium
Someone realises "I always order salad, so I must like healthy food". Which theory describes inferring attitudes from one's own behaviour?
- ASocial comparison theory
- BSocial identity theory
- CSelf-perception theory
- DRealistic conflict theory
6.Medium
In a variation of Asch's study, participants wrote their answers privately instead of saying them aloud, and conformity dropped sharply. What does this suggest?
- AMuch of the original conformity was normative
- BThe conformity was mainly informational
- CWriting answers made the task more difficult
- DMost participants had poor eyesight for lines
7.Hard
In Milgram's study, the shock level rose in small 15-volt steps. Why might this gradual increase have raised obedience?
- ASmall steps meant the shocks felt exactly the same to the learner each time
- BEach small step made stopping harder to justify, like foot-in-the-door
- CIt reduced the pressure coming from the experimenter's instructions
- DParticipants did not notice that the voltage was changing at all
8.Hard
Gaertner and Dovidio found that White participants helped Black and White victims equally when they were the only witness, but helped Black victims less when other bystanders were present. This supports the idea of:
- AAversive racism, shown when a non-racial excuse is available
- BA complete absence of prejudice among the participants
- COpen, old-fashioned racism that appears in every situation
- DDiffusion of responsibility that affects all victims equally
Answer key
- 1. A · Spotlight effect
- 2. B · Being blocked from a goal makes aggression more likely
- 3. A · Leon Festinger
- 4. D · Getting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
- 5. C · Self-perception theory
- 6. A · Much of the original conformity was normative
- 7. B · Each small step made stopping harder to justify, like foot-in-the-door
- 8. A · Aversive racism, shown when a non-racial excuse is available
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.