1.Easy
Explaining a classmate's failed exam by saying "she is lazy" is an example of:
- AA situational (external) attribution
- BA dispositional (internal) attribution
- CA self-serving attribution
- DA conformity response
2.Easy
Asch's line study investigated:
- AVisual illusions
- BObedience to authority
- CConformity to a group's incorrect judgement
- DMemory for line lengths over time
3.Easy
Cognitive dissonance is:
- AForgetting information that conflicts with existing memories
- BDiscomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviours
- CAgreeing with a group
- DA disorder of perception
4.Medium
In Sherif's autokinetic studies, people judged how far a still dot of light seemed to move. In groups, their estimates converged on a shared norm. This mainly shows:
- ASocial loafing as the group task went on
- BObedience to the experimenter as an authority
- CInformational influence in an ambiguous situation
- DNormative influence when the correct answer was obvious
5.Medium
LaPiere travelled across the USA with a Chinese couple in the 1930s. Almost every hotel and restaurant served them, but most later replied by letter that they would not serve Chinese guests. This shows:
- AA gap between stated attitudes and behaviour
- BThat written replies are more honest than actions
- CThat general attitudes always predict behaviour
- DThat prejudice against Chinese people did not exist
6.Medium
Rosenthal and Jacobson told teachers that some randomly chosen pupils were about to "bloom" intellectually. Later, these pupils showed larger IQ gains, especially in the youngest classes. This shows:
- AA self-fulfilling prophecy from teacher expectations
- BThat the chosen pupils were truly more gifted
- CThat IQ tests given in schools cannot be trusted
- DThat teachers' beliefs have no effect on pupils
7.Hard
A teenager adopts the style and opinions of an admired older cousin, but drops them once the two are no longer close. Kelman would call this:
- ACompliance
- BInternalisation
- CIdentification
- DObedience
8.Hard
Social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner) explains in-group favouritism mainly by:
- AGenetic similarity between group members, which favours helping relatives
- BCompetition for limited resources only
- CPeople's need to maintain positive self-esteem through group membership
- DFear of punishment from the group leader
Answer key
- 1. B · A dispositional (internal) attribution
- 2. C · Conformity to a group's incorrect judgement
- 3. B · Discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviours
- 4. C · Informational influence in an ambiguous situation
- 5. A · A gap between stated attitudes and behaviour
- 6. A · A self-fulfilling prophecy from teacher expectations
- 7. C · Identification
- 8. C · People's need to maintain positive self-esteem through group membership
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