1.Easy
In Milgram's obedience study, about what percentage of participants went to the maximum 450-volt level?
- AAbout 95%
- BAbout 25%
- CAbout 65%
- DAbout 5%
2.Easy
In-group favouritism is the tendency to:
- AFavour members of one's own group
- BPrefer outsiders to one's own group
- CTreat all people exactly equally
- DAvoid joining groups
3.Easy
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when:
- AAn expectation causes behaviour that makes it true
- BPeople remember only predictions that came true
- CA group makes a riskier decision than its members would alone
- DPeople change attitudes to match behaviour
4.Medium
Exposing people to weak arguments against their view, along with rebuttals, makes them more resistant to later persuasion. This is:
- AInoculation theory
- BReactance theory
- CThe sleeper effect
- DThe elaboration likelihood model
5.Medium
Which factor reduced obedience most in Milgram's variations?
- AIncreasing the shock levels shown on the machine
- BThe experimenter giving orders by telephone
- CHaving the experimenter wear a lab coat
- DMoving the study to a prestigious university
6.Medium
Research comparing American and Indian participants found that the fundamental attribution error was:
- AAbsent in American participants
- BStronger among Indians, who live in a more collectivist culture
- CExactly the same in both cultures
- DStronger among Americans, who live in a more individualist culture
7.Hard
A prejudiced person explains an out-group member's kind act as "just luck" or "he was forced to" but explains an out-group member's crime as "that's how they are". This is:
- AThe self-serving bias
- BThe false consensus effect
- CThe actor–observer bias
- DThe ultimate attribution error
8.Hard
In the Clarks' doll studies, many Black children preferred a white doll and described it as "nice". This research was cited in a US court case because it suggested:
- AYoung children have no racial awareness
- BSegregated schools improved self-esteem
- CDoll preferences are fully innate
- DSegregation harmed Black children's self-image
Answer key
- 1. C · About 65%
- 2. A · Favour members of one's own group
- 3. A · An expectation causes behaviour that makes it true
- 4. A · Inoculation theory
- 5. B · The experimenter giving orders by telephone
- 6. D · Stronger among Americans, who live in a more individualist culture
- 7. D · The ultimate attribution error
- 8. D · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
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