1.Easy
After discussion, a group's opinion becomes more extreme in the direction its members already leaned. This is called:
- AGroup polarisation
- BDeindividuation
- CGroupthink
- DSocial loafing
2.Easy
Realistic conflict theory explains hostility between groups mainly as a result of:
- ACompetition for limited resources
- BMere membership of a group
- CPersonality traits of group members
- DA lack of contact with others
3.Easy
Asch's line study investigated:
- AMemory for line lengths over time
- BConformity to a group's incorrect judgement
- CObedience to authority
- DVisual illusions
4.Medium
A smoker who knows smoking is harmful tells himself "the research isn't really conclusive". In dissonance terms, he is reducing dissonance by:
- AIncreasing the importance of the conflict
- BChanging one of the conflicting cognitions
- CConforming to a group norm
- DChanging his behaviour
5.Medium
Deindividuation refers to:
- ABecoming more individual when alone
- BLoss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
- CThe process of forming a stable, separate personal identity during adolescence
- DChoosing not to join any group
6.Medium
In Latané and Darley's five-step model of bystander intervention, pluralistic ignorance mainly affects which step?
- ANoticing that something is happening
- BDeciding whether the costs are worth it
- CKnowing how to give the right help
- DInterpreting the event as an emergency
7.Hard
In Latané and Darley's smoke-filled room study, participants alone usually reported the smoke, but those with two calm confederates rarely did. The best explanation is:
- ANormative influence from an authority figure
- BSocial loafing while working on a group task
- CPluralistic ignorance about whether it was an emergency
- DDeindividuation caused by sitting in a group
8.Hard
In Batson's studies, participants who felt high empathy for a woman receiving shocks offered to take her place even when they could easily leave. This supports:
- AThe arousal: cost–reward model
- BThe negative state relief model only
- CThe empathy–altruism hypothesis
- DKin selection
Answer key
- 1. A · Group polarisation
- 2. A · Competition for limited resources
- 3. B · Conformity to a group's incorrect judgement
- 4. B · Changing one of the conflicting cognitions
- 5. B · Loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
- 6. D · Interpreting the event as an emergency
- 7. C · Pluralistic ignorance about whether it was an emergency
- 8. C · The empathy–altruism hypothesis
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