练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dopamine 800 mg、容量 500 mL 的输液以 19 mL/h 输注。患者体重 66 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
800 mg/500 mL19 mL/h66 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
7.药理学中等
A patient with heart failure starts furosemide. Which self-monitoring instruction is most useful?
AMeasure the temperature twice a day and record it in a diary
BCount the respiratory rate each evening
CWeigh daily at the same time on the same scales
DCheck the blood glucose before every meal
8.药理学困难
A patient has received a sodium nitroprusside infusion for several days. He becomes confused and develops a metabolic acidosis. What should be suspected?
AHypoglycaemia from nitroprusside
BHyperkalaemia from the infusion
CCyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
DAn allergic reaction to the plastic of the infusion bag
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: R = 30.94 mg/h
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: C · Weigh daily at the same time on the same scales
为什么是这个答案
Daily weight is the best home measure of fluid balance. A rapid gain suggests fluid retention, and a rapid loss suggests overdiuresis and dehydration, both of which should be reported.
答案
C · Weigh daily at the same time on the same scales
8.药理学
答案: C · Cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
为什么是这个答案
Nitroprusside releases cyanide, which is normally converted to thiocyanate. With high doses, long infusions or poor organ function, cyanide and thiocyanate can accumulate; the infusion is also protected from light.