What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?
AExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
BTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
CTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
DStop it as soon as the burning settles
8.药理学困难
A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?
AAntihistamines
BAnticholinergic drugs
COpioid antagonists
DBenzodiazepines
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: LD = 660 mcg
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: B · Take it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
为什么是这个答案
Nitrofurantoin is taken with food to reduce nausea and can harmlessly darken the urine. The full course is completed, and cough, breathlessness or numbness should be reported.
答案
B · Take it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
8.药理学
答案: D · Benzodiazepines
为什么是这个答案
Cocaine causes a sympathomimetic toxidrome. Benzodiazepines reduce agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia, while cooling and cardiac monitoring are also given.