A patient takes regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) at home. Which teaching point best prevents accidental overdose?
ATake an extra dose if the first one does not work within 10 minutes
BUse paracetamol only on an empty stomach
CTake paracetamol with alcohol to improve absorption
DCheck cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
8.药理学困难
During an IV glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion for chest pain, the patient's blood pressure drops to 82/50 mmHg and he feels faint. What is the nurse's first action?
AGive a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet and increase the rate to relieve the remaining chest pain
BStop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
CSit the patient fully upright and give paracetamol for the headache
DIncrease the infusion rate to improve blood flow to the heart
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: CL = 6.931 L/h
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: D · Check cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
为什么是这个答案
Many combination products contain paracetamol, so a patient can take too much without realising. Regular alcohol use and liver disease also increase the risk of liver damage.
答案
D · Check cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
8.药理学
答案: B · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
为什么是这个答案
Hypotension is a major adverse effect of nitrates due to venous and arterial dilation. The infusion is stopped or reduced, the patient is positioned flat to improve venous return, and the prescriber is informed.
答案
B · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber