练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dopamine 400 mg、容量 250 mL 的输液以 8 mL/h 输注。患者体重 69 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
400 mg/250 mL8 mL/h69 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
7.药理学中等
An IV site is cool, swollen and pale, and the infusion is running slowly. What should the nurse do?
AApply a tight bandage over the site
BIncrease the infusion rate to push through and clear the blockage
CFlush the cannula forcefully with saline
DStop the infusion, remove the cannula and elevate the limb
8.药理学困难
A baby born to a mother on methadone becomes irritable on day 2, with a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. What is the most likely cause?
ANeonatal hypoglycaemia from maternal diabetes
BVitamin K deficiency bleeding
CNeonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
DNormal newborn behaviour
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: t½ = 2.5 h
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: D · Stop the infusion, remove the cannula and elevate the limb
为什么是这个答案
These signs suggest infiltration. The infusion is stopped and the cannula removed, the limb is elevated, and a new cannula is placed elsewhere; vesicant drugs need the extravasation protocol.
答案
D · Stop the infusion, remove the cannula and elevate the limb
8.药理学
答案: C · Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
为什么是这个答案
After birth the baby no longer receives opioid from the mother and develops withdrawal. Assessment uses a scoring tool, with non-drug care first and opioid treatment if signs are severe.