“Handwashing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in hospitals,” says a training manual. What would the manual most likely recommend next?
AAvoiding soap to protect the skin
BWashing hands before and after patient contact
CWearing the same gloves for all patients
DWashing hands only at the end of each shift
6.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
A chart shows average daily steps: Monday 6000, Tuesday 8000, Wednesday 4000, Thursday 8000, Friday 9000. Which statement is supported by the chart?
ATuesday had more steps than Thursday.
BFriday had the most steps, and Wednesday the fewest.
CThe number of steps increased every day from Monday to Friday.
DThe person walked 9000 steps every day.
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “After the stroke, the patient was bedridden for weeks.”
AWaiting for a hospital bed
BUnable to leave bed
CRecovering at home
DSleeping most of the day
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
Which word is the opposite of concave?
AFlat
BHollow
CConvex
DAngular
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Which sentence uses the correct verb tense consistently?
AShe opened the window and sits down.
BShe opens the window and sat down.
CShe opened the window and sat down.
DShe will open the window and sat down.
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which choice correctly reports the speech? She said, “I am tired.”
AShe said that she is being tired.
BShe said that I am tired.
CShe said that I was tired.
DShe said that she was tired.
11.人体解剖学中等
成人脊柱的哪两个区段通常呈前凸(弯曲凹面朝向后方)?
A颈段和腰段
B胸段和骶段
C颈段和胸段
D胸段和腰段
12.人体解剖学困难
后纵隔内有哪个结构?
A升主动脉
B食管
C心脏
D胸腺
13.人体生理学中等
射血分数如何计算?
A心输出量 ÷ 心率
B收缩末期容积 ÷ 每搏输出量
C每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
D舒张末期容积 ÷ 收缩末期容积
14.人体生理学困难
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
ApH 降低、碳酸氢盐升高、PaCO₂ 升高
BpH 降低、碳酸氢盐正常、PaCO₂ 升高
CpH 升高、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
DpH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
15.护理入学考试生物中等
同源染色体之间的交换(交叉互换)发生在什么时候?
A间期的 S 期
B有丝分裂的后期
C减数分裂的前期 I
D减数分裂的末期 II
16.护理入学考试生物困难
An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?
AOnly plants can pass on traits to offspring
BNeck length is not affected by any genes
CChanges acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
DGiraffes do not eat leaves from tall trees, so stretching is not needed
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
列出换算链
D = 8 mcg/kg/min × 49 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
计算
D = 8·49·60/1000 = 23.52 mg/h
答案
D = 23.52 mg/h
5.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · Washing hands before and after patient contact
为什么是这个答案
If handwashing is the best way to prevent infection, the manual would likely recommend washing before and after each patient contact.
答案
B · Washing hands before and after patient contact
6.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · Friday had the most steps, and Wednesday the fewest.
为什么是这个答案
Friday (9000) is highest and Wednesday (4000) lowest. Steps fell on Wednesday, so they did not rise every day, and Tuesday equals Thursday.
答案
B · Friday had the most steps, and Wednesday the fewest.
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · Unable to leave bed
为什么是这个答案
Bedridden means confined to bed because of illness or weakness.
答案
B · Unable to leave bed
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: C · Convex
为什么是这个答案
Concave curves inward and convex curves outward.
答案
C · Convex
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: C · She opened the window and sat down.
为什么是这个答案
Actions in the same time frame keep the same tense. Both verbs in the first sentence are in the simple past.
答案
C · She opened the window and sat down.
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: D · She said that she was tired.
为什么是这个答案
In reported speech, “I” becomes “she” and the present tense usually shifts back to the past after “said”.
答案
D · She said that she was tired.
11.人体解剖学
答案: A · 颈段和腰段
为什么是这个答案
颈段和腰段呈前凸(继发弯曲)。胸段和骶段呈后凸(原发弯曲)。
答案
A · 颈段和腰段
12.人体解剖学
答案: B · 食管
为什么是这个答案
后纵隔内有食管、降主动脉、奇静脉和胸导管。心脏和升主动脉在中纵隔;胸腺在上纵隔和前纵隔。
答案
B · 食管
13.人体生理学
答案: C · 每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
为什么是这个答案
射血分数是充盈的心室中每搏射出的血量所占的比例。正常值约为 55–70%。
答案
C · 每搏输出量 ÷ 舒张末期容积
14.人体生理学
答案: D · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
为什么是这个答案
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案
D · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
15.护理入学考试生物
答案: C · 减数分裂的前期 I
为什么是这个答案
前期 I 时,同源染色体配对并交换片段。这种交叉互换在配子中产生新的等位基因组合。
答案
C · 减数分裂的前期 I
16.护理入学考试生物
答案: C · Changes acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
为什么是这个答案
This is Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Traits gained by use, such as stretched muscles, do not change the DNA in gametes. Darwin's natural selection explains the change through inherited variation instead.
答案
C · Changes acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes