“Pressure ulcers, also called bedsores, can form when a person lies in one position for too long. Nurses help prevent them by changing the patient’s position regularly.” Why do nurses change patients’ positions?
ATo make the bed easier to clean
BTo help prevent pressure ulcers
CTo check the patient’s temperature
DTo help patients sleep longer
6.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
“Discharge note: Walk for 10 minutes three times a day in week 1. Increase to 20 minutes three times a day in week 2. Avoid lifting anything heavier than 5 kg (about 11 lb) for 6 weeks.” Which activity is allowed in week 2?
AWalking 20 minutes three times a day
BLifting a 7 kg box onto a shelf
CWalking 60 minutes without a rest
DCarrying a 10 kg bag of shopping
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “After the breathing tube was removed, his voice was hoarse.”
ARough and harsh
BCompletely normal
CVery high
DVery loud
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The strain of bacteria proved highly virulent.”
AHarmless to healthy adults
BAble to cause severe disease
CMild and slow to spread between people
DEasily killed by antibiotics
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Choose the correct verb: “Few of the patients ___ complaints.”
Awas
Bis
Chas
Dhave
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which revision corrects the fragment? “The nurse who works on the third floor.”
AThe nurse who works on the third floor, and my aunt.
BWho works on the third floor, the nurse.
CThe nurse who works on the third floor is my aunt.
DThe nurse, who works on the third floor.
11.人体解剖学中等
成人脊柱的哪两个区段通常呈前凸(弯曲凹面朝向后方)?
A颈段和胸段
B颈段和腰段
C胸段和骶段
D胸段和腰段
12.人体解剖学困难
维生素 B12 和胆盐主要在小肠的哪一段吸收?
A回肠末端
B盲肠
C十二指肠
D空肠
13.人体生理学中等
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
A把氧气运过肺泡壁
B在支气管中捕获灰尘
C降低肺泡的表面张力
D杀死气道中的细菌
14.人体生理学困难
为什么严重高钾血症对心脏有危险?
A它使心肌细胞超极化,使其永远无法兴奋
B它使心肌细胞去极化,使钠通道失活并引起心律失常
C它加快窦房结频率,直到心动过速导致晕厥
D它阻断钙与肌钙蛋白的结合
15.护理入学考试生物中等
In a food chain, which organisms are the producers?
APredators at the top of the chain
BAnimals that eat only plants, such as rabbits and deer
CFungi that break down dead material
DPlants and algae that make food by photosynthesis
16.护理入学考试生物困难
A cube-shaped cell has sides of 2 µm. What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?
A3 : 1
B2 : 1
C1 : 3
D6 : 1
17.护理入学考试化学中等
What is the molar mass of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ (Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16 g/mol)?
A84 g/mol
B100 g/mol
C116 g/mol
D68 g/mol
18.护理入学考试化学困难
Each C=O bond in carbon dioxide is polar, yet the CO₂ molecule is nonpolar. Why?
ACarbon has lone pairs that cancel the dipoles
BThe molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
CThe bonds are ionic, not covalent
DCarbon and oxygen have the same electronegativity
3溶液
1.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: x = 5
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
盎司换算为磅
2 oz/16 = 0.125 lb
9 + 0.125 = 9.125 lb
磅换算为千克
m = 9.125/2.2 = 4.148 ≈ 4.15 kg
答案
m = 4.15 kg
4.护理数学与单位换算
答案: c = 168 µmol/L
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
转换
c = 1.9·88.4 = 168 µmol/L
答案
c = 168 µmol/L
5.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · To help prevent pressure ulcers
为什么是这个答案
Pressure ulcers form when a person stays in one position too long, so changing position regularly helps prevent them.
答案
B · To help prevent pressure ulcers
6.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: A · Walking 20 minutes three times a day
为什么是这个答案
In week 2, walking 20 minutes three times a day is advised. Lifting more than 5 kg is not allowed for 6 weeks, and one 60-minute walk goes beyond the plan.
答案
A · Walking 20 minutes three times a day
7.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: A · Rough and harsh
为什么是这个答案
A hoarse voice sounds rough and harsh, often because the vocal cords are irritated.
答案
A · Rough and harsh
8.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · Able to cause severe disease
为什么是这个答案
Virulent describes a microorganism that is highly harmful and causes severe disease.
答案
B · Able to cause severe disease
9.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: D · have
为什么是这个答案
“Few” is a plural indefinite pronoun, like many, several and both, so it takes a plural verb.
答案
D · have
10.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: C · The nurse who works on the third floor is my aunt.
为什么是这个答案
“Who works” belongs to a relative clause, so the subject “The nurse” still needs its own verb. A adds the main verb “is”.
答案
C · The nurse who works on the third floor is my aunt.
11.人体解剖学
答案: B · 颈段和腰段
为什么是这个答案
颈段和腰段呈前凸(继发弯曲)。胸段和骶段呈后凸(原发弯曲)。
答案
B · 颈段和腰段
12.人体解剖学
答案: A · 回肠末端
为什么是这个答案
回肠末端吸收维生素 B12(与内因子结合)并重吸收胆盐。十二指肠主要吸收铁。
答案
A · 回肠末端
13.人体生理学
答案: C · 降低肺泡的表面张力
为什么是这个答案
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案
C · 降低肺泡的表面张力
14.人体生理学
答案: B · 它使心肌细胞去极化,使钠通道失活并引起心律失常
为什么是这个答案
细胞外钾升高使静息电位的负值变小。随后许多快钠通道失活,传导减慢,有发生致命性心律失常的风险。
答案
B · 它使心肌细胞去极化,使钠通道失活并引起心律失常
15.护理入学考试生物
答案: D · Plants and algae that make food by photosynthesis
为什么是这个答案
Producers (autotrophs) make their own food using light energy. Herbivores are primary consumers, predators are higher consumers and fungi and bacteria are decomposers.
答案
D · Plants and algae that make food by photosynthesis
16.护理入学考试生物
答案: A · 3 : 1
为什么是这个答案
Surface area = 6 × 2² = 24 µm² and volume = 2³ = 8 µm³, so the ratio is 24 : 8 = 3 : 1. A 1 µm cube has a ratio of 6 : 1, which shows that the ratio falls as a cell grows.
答案: B · The molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
为什么是这个答案
Polarity depends on both bond polarity and shape. CO₂ is linear and symmetrical, so the two equal dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel. Water is bent, so its dipoles do not cancel.
答案
B · The molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out