产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
After a circumcision, which finding should be reported?
新生儿在保暖、擦干和刺激后仍然呼吸暂停。下一步是什么?
一个药瓶中含有 500 mg 的粉末。标签上写着:加入 9.6 mL 注射用水,得到总容量 10 mL。医嘱为 50 mg。你应给予复溶后溶液的多少容量 V?
一名患者体重 167.2 lb。医嘱为单次剂量 5 mg/kg,储备液为 5 mL 中含 125 mg。按 1 kg = 2.2 lb 计算,你应给予多少容量 V?
滴注以 75 gtt/min 的速度通过滴系数为 60 gtt/mL 的输液器。患者在 6 小时内接受多少毫升 V?
一袋中含有 2 g 药物,溶于 250 mL。医嘱为每分钟 3 mg。泵速 R 应设为多少 mL/h?
答案: D · Active bleeding that soaks a nappy
A yellow film is normal granulation tissue, and mild swelling and fussiness are common. Persistent bleeding, signs of infection or failure to pass urine should be reported.
答案: B · 用气囊面罩开始正压通气
如果新生儿呼吸暂停或喘息样呼吸,或完成初步步骤后心率低于 100 次/分,应在出生后第一分钟内开始正压通气。有效通气是新生儿复苏中最重要的步骤。
答案: V = 1 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
答案: V = 15.2 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
答案: V = 450 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
答案: R = 22.5 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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