产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A woman at 24 weeks says she craves eating ice and clay. What should the nurse assess for?
产后第 4 天,一位母亲说她听到有声音告诉她她的孩子是邪恶的。首要措施是什么?
某患者体重 12 kg。医嘱剂量为每天 20 mg/kg,分 2 次等量给药。每次给多少毫克 D?
一名患者身高 134 cm,体重 51 kg。医嘱为 250 mg/m²。用 Mosteller 公式 BSA = √(身高 (cm) × 体重 (kg)/3600) 求剂量 D,以 mg 表示。
滴注以 50 gtt/min 的速度通过滴系数为 60 gtt/mL 的输液器。患者在 3 小时内接受多少毫升 V?
医嘱要求在 10 小时内输入 500 mL。4 小时后你发现袋中还剩 320 mL,而输液仍须按时完成。 原来的泵速必须提高百分之多少 Δ?
答案: C · Iron deficiency anaemia
Pica, the craving for non-food substances, is associated with iron deficiency. Eating clay or soil can also expose the mother to toxins and parasites. Haemoglobin and ferritin should be checked.
答案: C · 确保母婴不被单独留下,并安排紧急精神科评估
产后不久出现幻觉提示产后精神病,对母婴都有风险。应确保持续安全的看护并紧急请专科评估。
答案: D = 120 mg
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
答案: D = 344.5 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
答案: V = 150 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
答案: Δ = 6.667 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
许多医院允许在不重开医嘱的情况下进行不超过 25% 的此类调整;请查阅本院规定。
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