产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
When performing the first Leopold manoeuvre, what is the nurse trying to identify?
A woman at 16 weeks says she drinks four cups of strong coffee a day. Which response is most appropriate?
一个药瓶中含有 1 g 的粉末。标签上写着:加入 9.6 mL 注射用水,得到总容量 10 mL。医嘱为 120 mg。你应给予复溶后溶液的多少容量 V?
一名体重 28 kg 的儿童,医嘱为口服混悬液每次 10 mg/kg,该混悬液每 1 mL 含 40 mg。你应给多少体积 V?
用滴系数为 20 滴/mL 的输液器在 6 小时内输入 1000 mL。求滴速 R(滴/分)。 取整到最接近的整数。
医嘱要求在 10 小时内输入 1500 mL。3 小时后你发现袋中还剩 1110 mL,而输液仍须按时完成。 原来的泵速必须提高百分之多少 Δ?
答案: A · Which fetal part lies in the fundus
The first Leopold manoeuvre palpates the fundus: a firm round head or a softer, irregular breech. The second finds the back and limbs, the third the presenting part and the fourth the degree of head flexion and descent.
答案: B · Advise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day, roughly two cups of coffee
Guidelines advise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day in pregnancy because higher intakes are linked to low birth weight and miscarriage. Energy drinks and some teas also contain caffeine.
答案: V = 1.2 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
答案: V = 7 mL
剂量计算:给药量等于医嘱剂量除以现有药物的规格,再乘以该规格对应的量:给药量 = (医嘱剂量/储备规格) × 储备体积。始终统一单位(先把 g 换成 mg,mg 换成 mcg),并检查答案是否合理。
答案: R = 56 gtt/min
输注速率:输液泵按 mL/h = 体积/时间(小时)设定。重力滴注按每分钟滴数计:gtt/min = 体积 (mL) × 滴系数 (gtt/mL)/时间 (min)。 滴系数印在输液器包装上:普通输液器为 10、15 或 20 gtt/mL(输血器在美国常为 10 gtt/mL,在英国为 15),微量输液器为 60 gtt/mL。务必使用题目或包装给出的滴系数。
床旁取最接近的整滴:56 滴/分。
答案: Δ = 5.714 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
许多医院允许在不重开医嘱的情况下进行不超过 25% 的此类调整;请查阅本院规定。
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