产科护理
方法
- 把产妇放在时间轴上定位:孕周、产程阶段或产后第几天,再判断此时什么是正常的。
- 找出处于危险中的对象:母亲、胎儿或新生儿,或者其中不止一个。
- 把发现与其原因联系起来:减速用 VEAL CHOP,出血用四个 T,产后用 BUBBLE-HE。
- 优先选择改善血流和氧合的措施(侧卧、停用缩宫素、宫底按摩),然后再升级处理。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A newborn has a cleft lip and palate. Which feeding approach is most appropriate?
A multiparous woman arrives with strong contractions and the baby is born within an hour of their onset. What should the nurse monitor closely afterwards?
20 mL 的 20%(w/v)溶液中含有多少毫克药物 m?
一名患者体重 182.6 lb。医嘱为单次剂量 2 mg/kg,储备液为 1 mL 中含 40 mg。按 1 kg = 2.2 lb 计算,你应给予多少容量 V? 保留一位小数。
用滴系数为 60 滴/mL 的输液器在 8 小时内输入 500 mL。求滴速 R(滴/分)。 取整到最接近的整数。
一组输液以 28 滴/分的速度经 15 滴/mL 的输液器滴注。袋中还剩 600 mL。还需多少小时 t 才会滴完? 保留一位小数。
答案: D · Special teats and an upright position
Babies with a cleft palate often need specialised bottles or teats, an upright feeding position, frequent burping and support from a cleft team. Some babies with a cleft lip only can breastfeed.
答案: A · Uterine tone, bleeding and newborn injury
Precipitous labour increases the risk of cervical and perineal tears, uterine atony and haemorrhage, and of newborn injuries such as bruising or intracranial bleeding.
答案: m = 4000 mg
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
答案: V = 4.2 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
答案: R = 63 gtt/min
输注速率:输液泵按 mL/h = 体积/时间(小时)设定。重力滴注按每分钟滴数计:gtt/min = 体积 (mL) × 滴系数 (gtt/mL)/时间 (min)。 滴系数印在输液器包装上:普通输液器为 10、15 或 20 gtt/mL(输血器在美国常为 10 gtt/mL,在英国为 15),微量输液器为 60 gtt/mL。务必使用题目或包装给出的滴系数。
床旁取最接近的整滴:63 滴/分。
答案: t = 5.4 h
输注速率:输液泵按 mL/h = 体积/时间(小时)设定。重力滴注按每分钟滴数计:gtt/min = 体积 (mL) × 滴系数 (gtt/mL)/时间 (min)。 滴系数印在输液器包装上:普通输液器为 10、15 或 20 gtt/mL(输血器在美国常为 10 gtt/mL,在英国为 15),微量输液器为 60 gtt/mL。务必使用题目或包装给出的滴系数。
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