After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?
AReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
BAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
CDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster
DWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
3.内外科护理:神经、内分泌与肾脏中等
甲状腺切除术后,为什么常在床边备有拆线或拆夹器?
A用于在引流管不通时调整引流管
B用于从颈静脉抽血
C颈部血肿可压迫气道,可能需要松解
D必须在术后第一天晚上拆线
4.内外科护理:神经、内分泌与肾脏困难
A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?
AOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
BUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
CAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
DNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
5.内外科护理:消化、围手术期与肿瘤中等
一名新做回肠造口的患者排出量很高。主要风险是什么?
A数天内出现高钙和肾结石
B造口上方肠道便秘和粪便嵌塞
C脱水以及钠、钾、镁丢失
D液体过多和踝部肿胀
6.内外科护理:消化、围手术期与肿瘤困难
一名肺癌患者出现面部肿胀、颈静脉怒张,平卧时呼吸困难加重。可能是哪种急症?
A恶性肿瘤相关高钙血症
B脊髓压迫
C上腔静脉阻塞
D大面积肺栓塞
7.临床护理中等
一名患者新出现意识混乱,呼吸频率 24 次/分,收缩压 95 mmHg。你首先应怀疑什么?
A焦虑
B正常的术后恢复
C脓毒症
D酒精中毒
8.临床护理困难
Which patient should the nurse assess first?
AA patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
BA patient with COPD whose SpO2 is 89% and within their target range
CA postoperative patient who rates their pain as 6/10
DA patient with diabetes whose glucose is 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL) before lunch
9.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A urine culture report states "mixed growth of three organisms, likely contamination." What is the nurse's best response?
AStart treatment for all three organisms with three antibiotics
BRecord the result as a confirmed urinary tract infection
CDiscard the report, because a mixed growth is always normal
DInform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
答案: D · Withhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
为什么是这个答案
Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide can all cause hepatotoxicity. Jaundice, dark urine and nausea suggest drug-induced hepatitis, so the drugs are stopped and liver function is checked urgently. Orange urine from rifampicin does not cause yellow eyes. Alcohol increases the risk.
答案
D · Withhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
答案: A · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
为什么是这个答案
When the head rises above the drain level, CSF drains faster. Overdrainage can cause headache, collapse of the ventricles or a subdural bleed. The nurse follows the protocol (often clamping briefly and re-levelling) and informs the neurosurgical team.
答案
A · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
答案: A · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
为什么是这个答案
Being unable to complete sentences is a sign of acute severe or life-threatening asthma, an airway and breathing emergency. The other patients need attention but are not immediately life-threatened.
答案
A · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
9.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
为什么是这个答案
Several organisms in one urine sample usually mean contamination from the skin or perineum during collection. The provider is informed, and a new clean-catch or catheter-port sample is usually needed before an infection can be confirmed.
答案
D · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
10.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · 血红蛋白低、红细胞小(MCV 低)和铁蛋白低
为什么是这个答案
缺铁引起小细胞性贫血(MCV 低),铁储备低(铁蛋白低)。红细胞大提示维生素 B12 或叶酸缺乏。核对依据:Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); RBC indices · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
2:1 房室传导阻滞:每个 QRS 对应两个 P 波时,没有两个下传的 P 波连续出现,所以无法看出在未下传的 P 波之前,PR 间期是逐渐延长(I 型)还是保持恒定(II 型)。仅凭一条心电图条带,只能称为 2:1 房室传导阻滞;更长的条带或传导比例的改变才能决定类型。QRS 较窄时更可能是 I 型,QRS 增宽时更可能是 II 型,但两者都不能证明。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 44 个小格,1500 ÷ 44 ≈ 34 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 1.76 s。
3. P 波:直立且规则(P–P 0.88 s,68 次/分),每个 QRS 对应两个 P 波。
4. PR 间期:下传的搏动中恒定为 0.18 s。
5. QRS:0.12 s,增宽(0.12 s 或以上)。
为什么类型无法确定
每隔一个 P 波就不下传,所以没有两个下传的心搏相继出现,PR 间期是否逐渐延长也就无从显现。
2:1 房室传导阻滞(类型未定)
答案
2:1 房室传导阻滞(类型未定)
QRS 较窄时更可能是 I 型,QRS 增宽时更可能是 II 型,但只有更长的条带或传导比例的改变才能决定。