精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

新题目返回课程

在打印窗口中选择“另存为 PDF”，即可在设备上保存一份副本。

1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A newly admitted patient asks, "Do you think I'm crazy?" Which response is most therapeutic?

  1. A"Of course not. Only crazy people would ask that."
  2. B"Everyone here is a bit crazy in some way, so there's really nothing for you to worry about."
  3. C"You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"
  4. D"Yes, but you're in the right place now."
2.精神科护理困难

一名神经性贪食患者的血清钾为 2.8 mmol/L。主要担忧是什么？

  1. A食欲增加
  2. B肌力改善
  3. C有发生危及生命的心律失常的风险
  4. D有体重增加的风险
3.临床心理学中等

一个人在一次严重车祸两周后出现令人痛苦的症状，至今已持续十天。哪种诊断最恰当？

  1. A创伤后应激障碍
  2. B广泛性焦虑障碍
  3. C急性应激障碍
  4. D适应障碍
4.临床心理学困难

一位老年患者在开始服用一种新药后两天内出现意识混乱，注意力一天中时好时坏。她的女儿说上周她的记忆还很正常。最恰当的解释是什么？

  1. A谵妄，需要查找躯体原因或药物原因
  2. B晚发性精神分裂症
  3. C早期阿尔茨海默病，需要转诊到记忆门诊
  4. D正常老化
5.药理学中等

A prescriber gives a verbal medication order in an emergency. What should the nurse do?

  1. ARemember it and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
  2. BAsk another nurse to remember the order
  3. CGive the drug without recording the order
  4. DWrite it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm
6.药理学困难

A nurse gives 2 mg from a 4 mg ampoule of morphine. What should happen to the remaining 2 mg?

  1. AIt is poured down the sink without telling anyone
  2. BIt is kept labelled in the patient's drawer for the next dose
  3. CIt is discarded in front of a witness, and both sign the record
  4. DIt is given to the next patient who needs morphine

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · "You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"

为什么是这个答案

The question often hides fear or shame about being in a mental health setting. Exploring the concern shows acceptance, while labelling or false reassurance does not help.

答案

C · "You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"
2.精神科护理

答案: C · 有发生危及生命的心律失常的风险

为什么是这个答案

反复呕吐会导致低钾血症和代谢性碱中毒。钾 2.8 mmol/L 低得危险，可引起心律失常。患者需要心电监护，并按处方补钾。

答案

C · 有发生危及生命的心律失常的风险
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 急性应激障碍

为什么是这个答案

急性应激障碍涵盖事件后持续三天至一个月的创伤症状。如果症状持续超过一个月，可诊断为 PTSD。

答案

C · 急性应激障碍
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 谵妄，需要查找躯体原因或药物原因

为什么是这个答案

急性起病伴注意力波动提示谵妄，这是一种医疗急症，原因可能是药物、感染或脱水。痴呆则在数月至数年间逐渐发展。

答案

A · 谵妄，需要查找躯体原因或药物原因
5.药理学

答案: D · Write it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm

为什么是这个答案

Reading back the drug, dose, route and frequency confirms the order and catches errors. Verbal orders are documented immediately and signed by the prescriber according to policy.

答案

D · Write it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm
6.药理学

答案: C · It is discarded in front of a witness, and both sign the record

为什么是这个答案

Unused controlled drugs are wasted in front of a witness according to policy, and both staff document the waste. This prevents diversion and keeps the stock count accurate.

答案

C · It is discarded in front of a witness, and both sign the record

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing