精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which findings suggest recent cannabis use?
A patient in a mental health unit asks to read his own health records. What is the correct general principle?
在自杀风险评估中,哪个因素是未来自杀未遂最强的预测因素之一?
一名男子说一位著名歌手暗恋他,并通过她的歌曲向他发送暗语。除此之外,他的思维和行为都正常,也没有幻觉。哪种诊断最合适?
美托洛尔等 β 受体阻滞剂主要阻断哪种受体?
A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?
答案: D · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
Cannabis intoxication typically causes conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia, impaired coordination and altered perception of time. High doses can cause anxiety or psychosis.
答案: D · Patients generally have a right of access, with limited exceptions to prevent serious harm
Data protection and health records laws in many countries give patients a right to access their records. Requests follow a formal procedure, and information may be withheld only in limited cases, for example if it could cause serious harm.
答案: D · 既往有自杀未遂
自杀未遂史是最强的风险因素之一。直接询问自杀想法并不会增加风险,而是良好评估的一部分。
答案: A · 妄想障碍,钟情型
妄想障碍是存在一种或多种妄想至少一个月,但不符合精神分裂症的标准,且除妄想外功能没有明显受损。钟情妄想是认为另一个人爱上了自己。
答案: D · 心脏的 β1 肾上腺素受体
心脏选择性 β 受体阻滞剂阻断 β1 受体,降低心率、收缩力和肾素释放。
答案: C · Raising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
In chronic hyponatraemia the brain adapts to low osmolality. Correcting sodium too rapidly shrinks brain cells and can cause osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis), so sodium is checked often.
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