精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
一名服用抗精神病药的患者不停地来回踱步,并说他无法静坐。这称为什么?
A patient with schizophrenia has marked negative symptoms. He stays in bed most of the day and neglects his hygiene. Which nursing approach is most helpful?
一个人回避公交车、商店、空旷的停车场和排队,因为一旦惊恐发作可能难以逃离。哪种诊断最合适?
哪项观察支持精神分裂症的多巴胺假说?
按固定间隔给药,大约需要多长时间达到稳态?
A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?
答案: A · 静坐不能
静坐不能是一种内心的不安,伴有想要活动的冲动。它令人痛苦,可能被误认为是激越或焦虑,并与不依从治疗和自杀风险增加有关。
答案: C · Agree a simple daily routine with small, achievable activities and give positive feedback
Negative symptoms such as avolition and anhedonia improve with structure, step-by-step goals and encouragement. Punishment or waiting for the patient to start on his own usually makes withdrawal worse.
答案: B · 广场恐惧症
广场恐惧症是对至少两类情境(公共交通、开放空间、封闭空间、人群或排队、独自外出)的恐惧,因为在这些情境中可能无法逃离或得不到帮助。
答案: C · 苯丙胺等提高多巴胺的药物可诱发精神病性症状
苯丙胺可诱发精神病,阻断 D2 的抗精神病药能减轻阳性症状。阴性症状较难解释,因此该假说已被修订。
答案: A · 4 到 5 个半衰期
重复给药时,无论剂量多少,血药浓度约在 4–5 个半衰期后接近稳态。使用负荷剂量可以更快达到。
答案: B · Withhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
Amoxicillin is a penicillin, so it must not be given to someone with penicillin anaphylaxis. The nurse holds the dose, informs the prescriber and makes sure the allergy is clearly recorded.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing