精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A patient taking oxycodone for chronic pain has also been prescribed diazepam. What is the main safety concern?

  1. AThe diazepam will block the pain-relieving effect of oxycodone
  2. BThe combination will cause high blood pressure
  3. CIncreased sedation and respiratory depression
  4. DThere is no interaction between these two drugs
2.精神科护理困难

A patient with anxiety asks for her PRN lorazepam every time it is due. What is the best nursing approach?

  1. AAlways give it as soon as she asks, without assessment
  2. BAssess her anxiety each time, offer other coping strategies and give it if indicated
  3. CGive her a placebo tablet instead, without telling her, to see whether she really needs it
  4. DRefuse to give it, because she might become dependent
3.临床心理学中等

在贝克的抑郁认知模型中，"认知三联征"是指对什么的负面看法？

  1. A自己、世界和未来
  2. B只有一个人的过去、现在和未来
  3. C父母、朋友和老师
  4. D身体、心灵和精神
4.临床心理学困难

一名士兵患上了 PTSD，而经历同一场战斗的大多数战友却没有。哪种模型最能解释这种差异？

  1. A统计罕见性模型
  2. B素质—应激模型
  3. C代币制模型
  4. D感染的医学模型
5.药理学中等

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

  1. AGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
  2. BGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
  3. CGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
  4. DGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
6.药理学困难

A patient with latent tuberculosis feels well and is not infectious. Why is treatment such as isoniazid still offered?

  1. ATo produce a negative skin test quickly
  2. BTo prevent progression to active TB later
  3. CTo stop the patient spreading TB at the moment
  4. DTo cure an active lung infection

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · Increased sedation and respiratory depression

为什么是这个答案

Combining opioids with benzodiazepines greatly increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression and death. Patients are monitored and taught to avoid alcohol and other sedatives.

答案

C · Increased sedation and respiratory depression
2.精神科护理

答案: B · Assess her anxiety each time, offer other coping strategies and give it if indicated

为什么是这个答案

Each PRN dose requires an assessment of need and an evaluation afterwards. Offering other strategies supports coping skills, and patterns of use are discussed with the team.

答案

B · Assess her anxiety each time, offer other coping strategies and give it if indicated
3.临床心理学

答案: A · 自己、世界和未来

为什么是这个答案

贝克提出，抑郁者对自己、世界（或自身经历）和未来持负面看法，并由认知歪曲加以维持。

答案

A · 自己、世界和未来
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 素质—应激模型

为什么是这个答案

素质—应激模型认为，应激源主要在原本就有易感性的人身上引发障碍，例如遗传风险、既往创伤或社会支持不足。

答案

B · 素质—应激模型
5.药理学

答案: A · Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk

为什么是这个答案

Grapefruit compounds inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, so more simvastatin is absorbed. Higher levels increase the risk of muscle damage; drugs such as some calcium channel blockers and ciclosporin are also affected.

答案

A · Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
6.药理学

答案: B · To prevent progression to active TB later

为什么是这个答案

People with latent TB carry dormant bacteria that can reactivate, especially if immunity weakens. Treatment reduces the risk of active disease, which would be infectious.

答案

B · To prevent progression to active TB later

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