精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

In DSM-5-TR, prolonged grief disorder in adults requires that at least how long has passed since the death?

  1. A2 weeks
  2. B3 years
  3. C12 months
  4. D6 weeks
2.精神科护理困难

A patient with anorexia nervosa is admitted with a BMI of 14, dizziness and low potassium. Which goal is the priority in the first days?

  1. AMedical stabilisation, with careful refeeding and correction of electrolytes
  2. BPlanning her return to university and her studies after discharge
  3. CImproving body image through group discussions
  4. DGaining insight into family relationships through therapy
3.临床心理学中等

诊断的信度是指：

  1. A不同临床医生对同一患者是否得出相同诊断
  2. B诊断能否准确预测疾病的病程和结局
  3. C患者是否接受诊断
  4. D诊断是否使用医学检查
4.临床心理学困难

与对照组相比，在精神分裂症患者群体中反复报告的脑部发现是什么？

  1. A完全没有海马
  2. B侧脑室扩大
  3. C所有患者的额叶都增大
  4. D垂体肿瘤
5.药理学中等

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a corticosteroid inhaler at the same time of day. Which order is usually taught?

  1. AUse the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
  2. BUse both in the same breath to save time
  3. CUse the steroid first, then the salbutamol right after without any gap
  4. DThe order does not matter and no waiting is needed
6.药理学困难

A patient on rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol develops a painful swollen big toe. Which drug is most likely responsible?

  1. AEthambutol
  2. BRifampicin
  3. CIsoniazid
  4. DPyrazinamide

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · 12 months

为什么是这个答案

In adults, prolonged grief disorder requires at least 12 months since the loss (6 months for children and adolescents), with intense yearning or preoccupation that impairs functioning. ICD-11 uses a shorter minimum of 6 months.

答案

C · 12 months
2.精神科护理

答案: A · Medical stabilisation, with careful refeeding and correction of electrolytes

为什么是这个答案

Severe malnutrition and electrolyte imbalance can be life-threatening. Medical stabilisation and safe refeeding come first; psychological therapy becomes more effective once she is physically safer.

答案

A · Medical stabilisation, with careful refeeding and correction of electrolytes
3.临床心理学

答案: A · 不同临床医生对同一患者是否得出相同诊断

为什么是这个答案

信度是诊断在不同临床医生之间或不同时间的一致性；效度是诊断是否反映了真实而有意义的类别。

答案

A · 不同临床医生对同一患者是否得出相同诊断
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 侧脑室扩大

为什么是这个答案

平均而言，精神分裂症患者有脑室扩大和灰质减少。这些差异是群体平均值，不能用于对个体进行诊断。

答案

B · 侧脑室扩大
5.药理学

答案: A · Use the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid

为什么是这个答案

The bronchodilator opens the airways so that the inhaled steroid can reach further into the lungs. A short wait between the inhalers is usually advised.

答案

A · Use the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
6.药理学

答案: D · Pyrazinamide

为什么是这个答案

Pyrazinamide reduces uric acid excretion and can cause hyperuricaemia and gout. It is also hepatotoxic, like isoniazid and rifampicin.

答案

D · Pyrazinamide

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