精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which physical finding is common in bulimia nervosa?
A patient with depression and a family history of bipolar disorder started an antidepressant 2 weeks ago. He now sleeps 3 hours a night, talks rapidly and is spending large amounts of money. What should the nurse suspect?
根据美国加利福尼亚州塔拉索夫案确立的义务,治疗师可能需要:
治疗师帮助一位惊恐障碍来访者坐在椅子上旋转,故意引发头晕,且不使用安全行为。这种技术叫什么?为什么使用它?
格列齐特等磺脲类药物最重要的不良反应是什么?
A patient with epilepsy needs pain relief. Why is tramadol used with caution?
答案: D · Swelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw
Repeated vomiting can enlarge the parotid glands and erode tooth enamel. Patients with bulimia often have a normal weight, and purging tends to lower potassium.
答案: B · A switch into mania or hypomania triggered by the antidepressant
Antidepressants can trigger mania or hypomania in people with bipolar disorder, particularly without a mood stabiliser. The nurse reports this so the prescriber can reassess the diagnosis and treatment.
答案: A · 采取措施保护受到来访者严重威胁的可识别对象
塔拉索夫案的判决认为,当来访者对可识别的受害者构成严重暴力危险时,治疗师有义务采取合理措施保护该人。
答案: C · 内感性暴露,使来访者认识到身体感觉并不危险
内感性暴露引发所恐惧的身体感觉,使来访者能够检验灾难化预测并产生习惯化。它是惊恐障碍 CBT 的核心组成部分。
答案: C · 低血糖
磺脲类关闭 β 细胞上的 ATP 敏感性钾通道,促使胰岛素释放。即使血糖已经很低,胰岛素仍会释放,因此低血糖是主要风险。
答案: C · It lowers the seizure threshold
Tramadol can cause seizures, especially at high doses or with other drugs that lower the seizure threshold. Its serotonergic action also raises the risk of serotonin syndrome.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing