精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
How should a nurse screen a patient for intimate partner violence?
一名有行为能力的患者已签署同意接受一个疗程的 ECT。两次治疗后,她说想停止。哪项是正确的?
一位患者躯体症状很少或没有,多次检查结果正常,却对患有严重疾病感到强烈焦虑。哪种诊断最合适?
情感表达研究促成了精神分裂症的家庭干预。这些干预最可靠地改善了哪项结果?
A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?
A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?
答案: C · Ask in private, without the partner or family present
Screening should be done privately, using direct, non-judgemental questions. Abuse occurs in all groups, so routine screening is better than asking only those with obvious injuries.
答案: B · 她可以随时撤回同意,她的决定必须得到尊重并告知团队
有行为能力的人可以随时撤回同意。护士应告知团队,由团队与她讨论这一决定。只有在特定的法律条件下才能在未经同意的情况下进行治疗。
答案: B · 疾病焦虑障碍
疾病焦虑障碍是在躯体症状轻微的情况下,过度关注自己患有或将患上严重疾病。躯体症状障碍的核心则是令人痛苦的症状以及对症状的过度思虑。
答案: D · 复发率和再住院率
教授沟通和问题解决、减少批评的家庭干预能降低复发率和再住院率,通常与药物治疗同时进行。
答案: B · Blood drug levels and kidney function
Tacrolimus levels are kept in a target range to prevent rejection and toxicity. Kidney damage, hyperkalaemia, high glucose and tremor are adverse effects, and interacting drugs and grapefruit are avoided.
答案: B · More drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
In cirrhosis, less of the oral dose is removed by the liver on its first pass, partly because blood bypasses the liver through shunts. Bioavailability and plasma levels rise, so doses of such drugs often need to be reduced.
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