精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
How may depression present differently in adolescents than in adults?
一名患者在出现暴力行为后刚被施以身体约束。哪项评估是最高优先级?
做作性障碍与诈病的关键区别在于,诈病:
哪项发现最能支持 5-羟色胺及其他单胺在抑郁中的作用,而不仅仅是环境因素?
A nurse realises that a patient has been given the wrong dose of a medicine. What is the first action?
Beta-lactam antibiotics show time-dependent killing. What does this mean for administration?
答案: C · With irritability rather than obvious sadness
In children and adolescents, depressed mood can appear as irritability. Other signs include falling school performance, withdrawal from friends, and changes in sleep and appetite.
答案: D · 呼吸和循环,并持续观察
约束期间的死亡往往由呼吸问题引起。关于原因的复盘要等患者平静后再进行。持续监测呼吸、气道、循环、皮肤和精神状态至关重要,一旦安全就应立即解除约束。
答案: C · 为了金钱或逃避工作等明显的外部利益而伪装症状
两者都涉及故意伪造。做作性障碍的动机是被视为病人,没有明显的外部利益;诈病则有明确的外部诱因。在 DSM-5 中,诈病不属于精神障碍。
答案: B · 在随机试验中,作用于单胺系统的药物比安慰剂更能减轻抑郁症状
平均而言,针对单胺的抗抑郁药优于安慰剂,尽管优势不大。这支持生物因素的作用,但并不能说明仅仅是低 5-羟色胺导致了抑郁。
答案: B · Assess the patient for effects of the error
The first priority is to assess and monitor the patient, then inform the prescriber so treatment can be given if needed. The error is documented factually and reported through the incident system.
答案: A · Doses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
For beta-lactams, efficacy depends on the time the drug level stays above the minimum inhibitory concentration. Evenly spaced, on-time doses, or extended infusions, support this.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing