精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A patient who started a high-dose corticosteroid (prednisolone or prednisone) a week ago is now euphoric, sleeping little and talking very fast. What should the nurse suspect?
A school nurse is teaching about inhalant use such as sniffing glue or aerosols. Which risk should be stressed?
一位患者躯体症状很少或没有,多次检查结果正常,却对患有严重疾病感到强烈焦虑。哪种诊断最合适?
为什么心理学取向的支持者批评精神疾病的医学模式?
Why is simvastatin traditionally taken in the evening?
阿司匹林过量时,可以用碳酸氢钠碱化尿液。为什么这能增加水杨酸盐的排泄?
答案: C · Mood changes caused by the corticosteroid
High-dose corticosteroids can cause mood changes, including mania, depression and psychosis. The nurse reports the change so the prescriber can review the dose and treatment.
答案: D · Sudden death from a heart arrhythmia, even on the first use
Inhalants can sensitise the heart to adrenaline and cause fatal arrhythmias ("sudden sniffing death"), even in first-time users. They can also cause suffocation and brain, liver and kidney damage.
答案: A · 疾病焦虑障碍
疾病焦虑障碍是在躯体症状轻微的情况下,过度关注自己患有或将患上严重疾病。躯体症状障碍的核心则是令人痛苦的症状以及对症状的过度思虑。
答案: B · 它可能忽视心理和社会原因,并削弱人们的能动感
医学模式把障碍视为有生物学原因的疾病,这减少了指责,但可能忽视生活事件、意义和情境,并可能助长对药物的被动依赖。
答案: D · It is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
The liver makes most cholesterol overnight, and short-acting statins such as simvastatin work best when taken in the evening. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin can be taken at any time of day.
答案: C · 更多的水杨酸盐在肾小管中解离,因此重吸收减少
水杨酸盐是弱酸。在碱性尿液中,更多的水杨酸盐呈解离型,被"困"在肾小管中而排出。这称为离子障(离子捕获)。
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