精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which nursing action at mealtimes is most appropriate for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
After her house burned down, a woman developed delusions and disorganised speech. Ten days later the symptoms have gone completely and she is back to normal. Which diagnosis best fits?
哪种异常标准在某种行为在人群中罕见时就判定其为异常?
关于抗抑郁药试验中的安慰剂效应,哪项说法最准确?
Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?
一名阿司匹林(水杨酸盐)过量早期的患者有耳鸣并呼吸急促。典型的酸碱紊乱模式是什么?
答案: D · Supervise the meal and observe the patient for an agreed period afterwards
Supervised meals and observation afterwards reduce hiding or discarding food, vomiting and excessive exercise. Mealtimes should be calm, with conversation that is not focused on food or weight.
答案: B · Brief psychotic disorder
Brief psychotic disorder lasts at least 1 day but less than 1 month, followed by a full return to the previous level of functioning. It may follow a severe stressor.
答案: D · 统计上的罕见性
统计罕见性把远离平均水平的行为定义为异常。其缺点是有些罕见特质(如极高的智商)是令人向往的。
答案: D · 安慰剂反应率相当高,因此试验需要对照组来显示药物效果
抑郁症试验中的安慰剂反应率常达 30–40%,因此需要随机安慰剂对照设计来显示药物的特异性效果。
答案: B · Pain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
Fluoroquinolones can cause tendinitis and tendon rupture. Patients should stop exercise and report tendon pain promptly.
答案: D · 先呼吸性碱中毒,后代谢性酸中毒
水杨酸盐刺激呼吸,早期引起呼吸性碱中毒。随后它们干扰细胞代谢,引起阴离子间隙增高的代谢性酸中毒。成人常表现为混合型。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing