精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales), a person lacks capacity for a decision if they cannot do which of the following?
一名患者 10 天前开始服用抗抑郁药。他说现在精力更充沛了,但仍然感到绝望。为什么这需要仔细监测?
一个人回避公交车、商店、空旷的停车场和排队,因为一旦惊恐发作可能难以逃离。哪种诊断最合适?
与对照组相比,在精神分裂症患者群体中反复报告的脑部发现是什么?
What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?
A patient on rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol develops a painful swollen big toe. Which drug is most likely responsible?
答案: C · Understand, retain and weigh the information, or communicate their decision
The Act's functional test asks whether the person can understand, retain, use or weigh the information, and communicate a decision. Making an unwise decision does not by itself mean a person lacks capacity.
答案: D · 精力可能在情绪改善之前恢复,这可能增加他将自杀念头付诸行动的风险
在早期治疗中,精力和动力可能先于抑郁情绪改善。持续绝望的患者此时可能有精力把自杀念头付诸行动,因此要密切重新评估风险。
答案: C · 广场恐惧症
广场恐惧症是对至少两类情境(公共交通、开放空间、封闭空间、人群或排队、独自外出)的恐惧,因为在这些情境中可能无法逃离或得不到帮助。
答案: C · 侧脑室扩大
平均而言,精神分裂症患者有脑室扩大和灰质减少。这些差异是群体平均值,不能用于对个体进行诊断。
答案: A · Take it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
Nitrofurantoin is taken with food to reduce nausea and can harmlessly darken the urine. The full course is completed, and cough, breathlessness or numbness should be reported.
答案: D · Pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide reduces uric acid excretion and can cause hyperuricaemia and gout. It is also hepatotoxic, like isoniazid and rifampicin.
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