精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
一名服用抗精神病药的患者不停地来回踱步,并说他无法静坐。这称为什么?
A woman arrives in the emergency department after a sexual assault and has a cut on her head that is bleeding. What is the priority?
做作性障碍与诈病的关键区别在于,诈病:
与对照组相比,在精神分裂症患者群体中反复报告的脑部发现是什么?
A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?
A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?
答案: D · 静坐不能
静坐不能是一种内心的不安,伴有想要活动的冲动。它令人痛苦,可能被误认为是激越或焦虑,并与不依从治疗和自杀风险增加有关。
答案: C · Assess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
Medical care for injuries comes first. Forensic examination is offered, explained and carried out only with consent, and the nurse supports the survivor's control over each step.
答案: B · 为了金钱或逃避工作等明显的外部利益而伪装症状
两者都涉及故意伪造。做作性障碍的动机是被视为病人,没有明显的外部利益;诈病则有明确的外部诱因。在 DSM-5 中,诈病不属于精神障碍。
答案: D · 侧脑室扩大
平均而言,精神分裂症患者有脑室扩大和灰质减少。这些差异是群体平均值,不能用于对个体进行诊断。
答案: B · Glucagon by injection or nasal spray
Glucagon breaks down liver glycogen and raises blood glucose. Nothing is given by mouth to an unconscious patient because of the risk of choking and aspiration.
答案: A · Alpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
Phenylephrine is a pure alpha-1 agonist with little direct cardiac action. The higher blood pressure activates baroreceptors, which increase vagal tone and slow the heart.
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